When a tree problem starts at the roots

A tree with small leaves, a thin crown, or poor growth doesn't always have an insect or disease problem. Sometimes the explanation is below ground, where it is much harder to see.

One problem we encounter is a girdling root. A root grows around the base of the trunk and can press against it as both increase in size. Circling roots may begin while a young tree is growing in a nursery container, then become more troublesome years after planting.

Planting depth and changes to the surrounding soil also matter. A tree planted too deeply, buried by added fill, or left with compacted soil may struggle even when the crown appears untouched. Excavation can remove roots well beyond the area where damage is obvious.

Other possible causes include poor drainage, extended dry conditions, root loss during transplanting, and contaminated soil. Several problems can occur together. The absence of visible insects is a reason to investigate further, rather than proof of a particular root problem.

Before digging around a declining tree or cutting a large root, get advice on what you are looking at. Removing the wrong root can affect the tree's stability. An arborist can assess the trunk base, planting conditions, and site history, then discuss what can reasonably be corrected. Early advice is especially useful before landscaping or construction changes the root area.